ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La distinción clínica entre infecciones arbovirales y las provocadas por rickettsias es crucial para iniciar el tratamiento médico apropiado. Objetivo: Comparar las diferencias entre fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas (FMMR) y otras enfermedades transmitidas por vector (dengue y chikungunya) con presentación clínica similar e identificar los datos que pudieran ayudar al diagnóstico rápido de esas enfermedades. Métodos: Se evaluaron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de laboratorio de 399 pacientes de cinco hospitales y clínicas en Sonora, México, entre 2004 y 2016, con el diagnóstico confirmado por laboratorio de FMMR, dengue o chikungunya. Resultados: El grupo con FMMR presentó la mayor letalidad (49/63 muertes, 77.8 %), seguido por el de chikungunya (3/161, 1.9 %) y el de dengue (3/161, 1.9 %). Las diferencias clínicas consistieron en la presencia de exantema, edema y prurito; además, se documentaron diferencias en múltiples biomarcadores como plaquetas, hemoglobina, bilirrubina indirecta y niveles de sodio sérico. Conclusión: El exantema en palmas y plantas, edema y ausencia de prurito, aunados a niveles altos de bilirrubina directa y trombocitopenia severa pudieran ser indicadores útiles para diferenciar a pacientes con FMMR en etapas avanzadas de aquellos con dengue y chikungunya.
Abstract Introduction: Clinical distinction between arbovirus infections and those caused by rickettsia is crucial to initiate appropriate medical treatment. Objective: To compare the differences between Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and other vector-borne diseases (dengue and chikungunya) with similar clinical presentation, and to identify data that could aid rapid diagnosis of these diseases. Methods: Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data of 399 patients from five hospitals and clinics of Sonora, Mexico, with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of RMSF, dengue, or chikungunya between 2004 and 2016 were evaluated. Results: The RMSF group had the highest lethality (49/63 deaths, 77.8 %), followed by the chikungunya group (3/161, 1.9 %) and the dengue group (3/161, 1.9 %). Clinical differences included the presence of rash, edema, and pruritus; in addition, differences in multiple biomarkers such as platelets, hemoglobin, indirect bilirubin, and serum sodium levels were documented. Conclusion: Rash on the palms and soles, edema and absence of pruritus, together with high levels of direct bilirubin and severe thrombocytopenia could be useful indicators to differentiate patients at RMSF advanced stages from those with dengue and chikungunya.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/diagnosis , Dengue/diagnosis , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/complications , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dengue/complications , Dengue/mortality , Diagnosis, Differential , Symptom Assessment , Chikungunya Fever/complications , Chikungunya Fever/mortality , Mexico/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar las manifestaciones clínicas y predictores de mortalidad en niños hospitalizados por fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas (FMMR). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 210 sujetos hospitalizados por FMMR en un hospital pediátrico de Sonora, entre el 1 de enero de 2004 y el 30 de junio de 2015. El análisis se sustentó en estadística descriptiva y regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: Se apreció un incremento en la incidencia y mortalidad en los casos hospitalizados por FMMR, con una letalidad de 30%.Tres variables se asociaron con el riesgo de muerte: retraso ≥ 5 días en el inicio del uso de doxiciclina (RMa=2.95, IC95% 1.10-7.95), falla renal aguda (RMa=8.79, IC95% 3.46-22.33) y sepsis severa (RMa=3.71, IC95% 1.449.58). Conclusión: La FMMR provoca resultados fatales en niños, que puede evitarse con la administración oportuna de doxiciclina. La falla renal aguda y la sepsis severa son dos predictores de muerte en niños con FMMR.
Abstract: Objective: Characterize clinical manifestations and predictors of mortality in children hospitalized for spotted fever. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 210 subjects with a diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in a pediatric hospital in Sonora, from January 1st, 2004 to June 30th, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Results: An upward trend was observed in RMSF morbidity and mortality. Fatality rate was 30%.Three predictors were associated with risk of death: delay ≥ 5 days at the start of doxycycline (ORa= 2.95, 95% CI 1.10-7.95), acute renal failure ((ORa= 8.79, 95% CI 3.46-22.33) and severe sepsis (ORa= 3.71, 95% CI 1.44-9.58). Conclusions: RMSF causes high mortality in children, which can be avoided with timely initiation of doxycycline. Acute renal failure and severe sepsis are two independent predictors of death in children with RMSF.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/epidemiology , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/complications , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Morbidity/trends , Mortality/trends , Sepsis/etiology , Sepsis/mortality , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/mortality , Mexico/epidemiologySubject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/mortality , Hospitals, Pediatric , Mexico , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Brazilian spotted fever is the most common rickettsiosis in Brazil, most prevalent in the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian spotted fever in Minas Gerais from 2000 to 2008. Of the 132 cases of Brazilian spotted fever, 53 patients died, representing a case-fatality rate of 40.2 percent. Males predominated, with 78.8 percent of confirmed cases, and median age was 26.5 years. Absence of rash was associated with increased risk of death (p = 0.005). Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Rio Doce Valley, and Zona da Mata accounted for 70.6 percent of the cases, which occurred mainly from May to November. There was an increase in the number of cases, which could suggest an expansion of the disease, but probably resulted from an increase in the health system's diagnostic capacity and sensitivity. Despite this improvement, the case-fatality rate remains high and with no apparent tendency to decrease, thus indicating the need for improved prevention and patient care.
A febre maculosa brasileira é a rickettsiose mais comum do território nacional, com maior importância nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos dos casos de febre maculosa brasileira ocorridos em Minas Gerais no período de 2000 a 2008. Dos 132 casos confirmados, 53 evoluíram para óbito, representando uma letalidade de 40,2 por cento. O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido com 78,8 por cento dos casos confirmados, e mediana de idade de 26,5 anos. Entre os fatores de risco determinantes do óbito, a ausência de exantema apresentou associação significativa (p = 0,005). A Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, o Vale do Rio Doce e a Zona da Mata responderam por 70,6 por cento dos casos, que ocorreram principalmente entre os meses de maio e novembro. Houve crescimento no número de casos, que apesar de sugerir expansão da doença, provavelmente decorreu do aumento da capacidade diagnóstica e sensibilidade do sistema de saúde. Apesar dessa melhora, a letalidade permaneceu alta e sem tendências à diminuição, o que implica a necessidade de medidas preventivas e assistenciais.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/mortality , Seasons , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objetivo. Comunicar las características clínicas de la fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas (FMMR) en niños del sur de Sonora, México. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de nueve casos atendidos en el Hospital Infantil del estado de Sonora. Un caso de FMMR fue definido por datos clínicos y pruebas serológicas positivas (inmunofluorescencia indirecta o aglutinación a Proteus OX 19). Se recabaron las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes. Resultados. La población de estudio se integró con niños de dos a doce años de edad que tuvieron contacto con perros infestados con garrapatas y cursaron con fiebre y exantema petequial. Las alteraciones en los exámenes de laboratorio incluyeron elevación de enzimas hepáticas, hiponatremia y plaquetopenia. El tratamiento consistió en la administración de cloranfenicol y doxiciclina. La mortalidad fue del 22%. Conclusión. Se documenta la presencia de la enfermedad en el estado de Sonora, México. La FMMR debe considerarse como un riesgo de salud pública que requiere acciones para su prevención y control.
OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical features of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in children of southern Sonora, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine cases were studied at the Sonora State Children's Hospital. One case was defined by clinical features and positive serological tests (indirect immunofluorescence assay or reaction to Proteus OX 19). Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were registered. RESULTS: The study subjects were children from two to twelve years ofage. All patients have had contact with tick-infested dogs and had fever, as well as petechial rash. Laboratory findings included high levels of hepatic aminotransferase, hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia. Therapy with chloramphenicol and doxyciclyne was administered after the first seven days of the onset of illness. The mortality rate was 22%. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the presence of RMSF in the state of Sonora, Mexico, which should be considered as a public health hazard, requiring immediate actions for prevention and control.